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HIV encephalopathy

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  • Patient who had been non-compliant with antiretroviral therapy presented with cognitive impairment.
  • MRI showed a transient diffuse encephalopathy with swelling.
  • On the follow-up imaging, the leukoencephalopathy regressed and brain volume had decreased.

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  • A 50-year-old patient presented with cognitive impairment.
  • A new diagnosis of HIV was made on admission.
  • MRI showed patchy diffse white matter hyperintensity without enhancement in both cerebral hemispheres that spared the subcortical U fibres (red arrows).
  • Following CSF analysis to exclude other causes and a follow-up scan 1 month later that showed no changes, the findings were ascribed to HIV encephalopathy.